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The Dolphin Institute

dedicated to dolphins and whales through education, research, and conservation

  • Bruck, J. & Pack, A. A. (2022). Understanding across the senses: Cross-modal studies of cognition in cetaceans.  Animal Cognition. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10071-022-01684-8
  • Pack, A. A. (2021).  Dolphin Social Cognition.  In: A. B. Kaufman, J. Call and J. C. Kaufman (Eds.), The Cambridge Handbook of Animal Cognition (pp. 383-414). Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
  • Pack, A. A. (2019). Pointing. In: J. Vonk and T. Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham, NY.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_753-1
  • Pack, A. A. (2018). Language Research: Dolphins. In: J. Vonk and T. Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham, NY. https://link.springer.com/referenceworkentry/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_1628-1
  • Herman, L. M. (2018). Language learning and cognitive skills. Encyclopedia of marine mammal (3rd edition), Pp. 545-550, (Edited by B. Wursig, J. G. M. Thewissen and K. M. Kovacs), NY: Academic Press.
  • Pack, A. A. (2017). Louis M. Herman. In: J. Vonk and T. Shackelford (Eds.). Encyclopedia of Animal Cognition and Behavior. Springer, Cham, NY.https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-47829-6_987-1.
  • Pack, A. A. (2015). Experimental studies of dolphin cognitive abilities. In D. Herzing & C. Johnson (Eds.), Dolphin cognition and communication (pp. 175-200). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
    Au, W., Ford, J., Herman, L. M., Nachtigall, P., Ridgway, S., Thomas, J., Wells, R., Whitehead, H., Johnson, C. M. & Herzing, D. L. (2015). Visions of the Future. In D. Herzing & C. Johnson (Eds.), Dolphin cognition and communication (pp. 271-298). Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Herman, L. M. (2012). Birthing a dolphin research laboratory: The early history of the Kewalo Basin Marine Mammal Laboratory. Aquatic Mammals, 38(1), 102-125.
  • Herman, L. M. (2012). Body and self in dolphins. Consciousness and Cognition, 21, 526–545. doi:10.1016/j.concog.2011.10.005.
  • Pack, A. A. (2010). The synergy of laboratory and field studies of dolphin behavior and cognition. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 23, 538-565.
  • Herman, L. M. (2010). What laboratory research has told us about dolphin cognition. International Journal of Comparative Psychology, 23, 310-330.
  • Herman, L. M. (2009). Can dolphins understand language? In: LACUS Forum XXXIV: Speech and beyond, pp. 3-20 (Edited by P. Sutcliffe, L. M. Stanford & A. R. Lommel). Houston, TX. http://www.lacus.org/volumes/index.php?volume=34
  • Herman, L. M. (2009). Language learning and cognitive skills. Encyclopedia of marine mammal (2nd edition), Pp. 657-663, (Edited by W. F. Perrin, B. Wursig & J. G. M. Thewissen), NY: Academic Press.
  • Herman, L. M., Uyeyama, R. K., & Pack, A. A. (2008). Bottlenose dolphins understand relationships between concepts. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 31, 139-140.
  • Marino, L., Butti, C., Connor, R. C., Fordyce, R. E., Herman, L. M., Hof, P. R., Lefebvre, L., Lusseau, D., McCowan, B., Nimchinsky, E. A., Pack, A. A., Reidenberg, J. S., Reiss, D., Rendell, L., Uhen, M. D., Van der Gucht, E., & Whitehead, H. (2008). A claim in search of evidence: Reply to Manger’s thermogenesis hypothesis of cetacean brain structure. Biological Reviews, 2-24.
  • Herman, L. M. (2007). Language learning. Encyclopedia of marine mammals, Pp. 685-689, (Edited by W. F. Perrin, B. Wursig & J. G. M. Thewissen), NY: Academic Press.
  • Pack, A. A., & Herman, L. M. (2007). The dolphin’s (Tursiops truncatus) understanding of human gaze and pointing: Knowing what and where. Journal of Comparative Psychology 121, 34-45.
  • Marino, L., Connor, R. C., Ewan Fordyce, R., Herman, L. M., Hof, P. R., Lefebvre, L., Lusseau, D., McCowan, B., Nimchinsky, E. A., Pack, A. A., Rendell, L., Reidenberg, J. S., Reiss, D., Uhen, M. D., Van de Gucht, E., & Whitehead, H. (2007). Cetaceans have complex brains for complex cognition. PLoS Biology, 5, 966-972.
  • Branstetter, B. K., Mevissen, S. J., Pack, A. A., Herman, L. M., Roberts, S. P, & Carsrud, L. K. (2007). Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) echoic angular discrimination: Effects of object separation and complexity. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 121, 626-635.
  • Pack, A. A., & Herman, L. M. (2006). Dolphin social cognition and joint attention: Our current understanding. Aquatic Mammals, 32, 443-460.
  • Herman, L. M. (2006). Intelligence and rational behaviour in the bottlenosed dolphin. In S. Hurley & M. Nudds (Eds.), Rational Animals? (pp. 439-467). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press.
  • Pack, A.A. & Herman, L.M. (2004). Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) comprehend the referent of both static and dynamic human gazing and pointing in an object choice task. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 118, 160-171.
  • Miller, A.A. (2004). Social manipulation in the bottlenose dolphin: Deception and inhibition. Unpublished Masters thesis. University of Hawaii, Honolulu. 134 pp.
  • Pack, A.A., Herman, L.M. & Hoffmann-Kuhnt, M. (2004). Dolphin echolocation shape perception: From sound to object. In: J. Thomas, C. Moss & M. Vater (Eds.), Advances in the study of echolocation in bats and dolphins. (pp. 288-298). Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
  • Branstetter, B.K., Mevissen, S.J., Herman, L.M., Pack, A.A. & Roberts, S. (2003). Horizontal angular discrimination by an echolocating bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Bioacoustics 14, 15-34.
  • Cowan, R. (2003). Short-term memory for behavior in bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Unpublished Masters thesis. University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L.M. (2002). Exploring the cognitive world of the bottlenosed dolphin. In: M. Bekoff, C. Allen & G. Burghardt (Eds.), The cognitive animal: Empirical and theoretical perspectives on animal cognition. Pp. 275-283. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
  • Herman, L.M. (2002). Vocal, social, and self-imitation by bottlenosed dolphins. In: C. Nehaniv & K. Dautenhahn (Eds.), Imitation in Animals and Artifacts. Pp. 63-108. Cambridge, MA. MIT Press.
  • Herman, L.M. (2002). Language learning. In: W.F. Perrin, B. Wursig, C.M. Thewissen, & C. R. Crumley (Eds.), Encyclopedia of Marine Mammals. Pp. 685-689. New York, NY: Academic Press.
  • Pack, A.A., Herman, L.M., Hoffmann-Kuhnt, M., Branstetter, B.K. (2002). The object behind the echo: Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) perceive object shape globally through echolocation. Behavioural Processes 58, 1-26.
  • Herman, L.M. & Pack, A.A. (2001). Laboratory evidence for cultural transmission mechanisms. Commentary on Rendell and Whitehead. Behavioral and Brain Sciences 24, 335-336.
  • Herman, L.M., Matus, D.S., Herman, E.Y., Ivancic, M., & Pack, A.A. (2001). The bottlenosed dolphin’s (Tursiops truncatus) understanding of gestures as symbolic representations of its body parts. Animal Learning & Behavior 29, 250-264.
  • Killebrew, D.A., Mercado III, E.M., Herman, L.M. & Pack, A.A. (2001). Sound production of a neonate bottlenose dolphin. Aquatic Mammals 21, 34-44.
  • Branstetter, B. (2001). Horizontal angular discrimination by an echolocating bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Mercado III, E.M., Killebrew, D.A., Pack, A.A., Macha, I.V.B., & Herman, L.M. (2000). Generalization of same-different classification abilities in bottlenosed dolphins. Behavioural Processes 50, 79-94.
  • Herman, L.M. (2000). The realm of the senses. In: T. Cahill (Ed.), Dolphins. Pp. 164-165. Washington D. C.: National Geographic Society.
  • Uyeyama (1999). Category formation in a language-trained bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) in a Match-to-Sample (MTS) Procedure. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M., Abichandani, S. L., Elhajj, A. N., Herman, E. Y. K., Sanchez, J. L., & Pack, A. A. (1999). Dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) comprehend the referential character of the human pointing gesture. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 113, 1-18.
  • Herman, L. M. & Uyeyama, R. K. (1999). The dolphin’s grammatical competency: Comments on Kako (1998). Animal Learning & Behavior, 27-18-23.
  • Mercado, E. III, Uyeyama R. K., Pack, A. A., & Herman, L. M. (1999). Memory for action events in the bottlenosed dolphin. Animal Cognition, 2, 17-25.
  • Herman, L. M., Pack, A. A., & Hoffmann-Kuhnt, M. (1998). Seeing through sound: Dolphins perceive the spatial structure of objects through echolocation. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 112, 292-305.
  • Mercado, E. III, Murray, S. O., Uyeyama, R. K., Pack, A. A., & Herman, L. M. (1998). Memory for recent actions in the bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Repetition of arbitrary behaviors using an abstract rule. Animal Learning and Behavior, 26, 210-218.
  • Herman, L. M., von Fersen, L. & Solangi, M. (1996). The bufeo (Inia geoffrensis) in the Rio Largarto Cocha of the Ecuadorian Amazon. Marine Mammal Science, 12(1), 118-125.
  • Pack, A. A. & Herman L. M. (1995). Sensory integration in the bottlenosed dolphin: Immediate recognition of complex shapes across the senses of echolocation and vision. Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 98, 722-733.
  • Ralston, J. V. & Herman, L. M. (1995). Perception and generalization of frequency contours by a bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 109, 268-277.
  • Taylor, K. B. (1995). Self-selection and Self-monitoring of behavior by bottlenosed dolphins (Tursiops truncatus). Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M. & Pack, A. A. (1995). Excluding Relevant Data Precludes Any Analysis. Marine Mammal Science. 11, 267-270.
  • Herman, L. M. & Pack, A. A. (1994). Animal intelligence: Historical perspectives and contemporary approaches. In R. Sternberg (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human intelligence. Pps. 86-96. New York, NY: Macmillan.
  • Braslau-Schneck, S. (1994). Innovative Behaviors and Synchronization in Bottlenosed Dolphins. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Hoffmann-Kuhnt, M. (1994). Judgements of Similarity of Rotated and Unrotated Objects by a Bottlenosed Dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Regensburg, Germany
  • Reeve, S. H. (1994). Visual Delayed and Serial Probe Recognition by a Bottlenosed Dolphin. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Pack, A. A. (1994). Cross-modal recognition of complexly-shaped objects by a bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) using vision and echolocation. Unpublished Dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L.M., Pack, A.A. & Wood, A. M. (1994). Bottlenosed Dolphins Can Generalize Rules and Develop Abstract Concepts. Marine Mammal Science, 10, 70-80.
  • Herman, L.M., Kuczaj, S. III, & Holder, M. D. (1993). Responses to Anomalous Gestural Sequences by a Language-Trained Dolphin: Evidence for Processing of Semantic Relations and Syntactic Information. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 122, 184-194.
  • Herman, L. M., Pack A. A. & Morrel-Samuels, P. (1993). Representational and conceptual skills of dolphins. In H. R. Roitblat, L. M. Herman & P. Nachtigall (Eds.) : Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives, Pps. 273-298. Hillside, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Holder, M. D., Herman, L. M. & Kuczaj, S. III (1993). A bottlenosed dolphin’s responses to anomalous gestural sequences expressed within an artificial gestural language. In H. R. Roitblat, L. M. Herman & P. Nachtigall (Eds.): Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives, Pps. 299-308. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Morrel-Samuels, P. & Herman, L. M. (1993). Cognitive factors affecting comprehension of gesture language signs: A brief comparison of dolphins and humans. In H. R. Roitblat, L. M. Herman & P. Nachtigall (Eds.): Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives, Pps. 211-222. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Prince, C. G. (1993). Conjunctive Rule Comprehension in a Bottlenosed Dolphin. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Roitblat, H. R., Herman, L. M. & Nachtigall, P. (1993). Language and Communication: Comparative Perspectives. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.
  • Herman, L. M. & Pack, A. A. (1992). Echoic-visual cross-modal recognition by a dolphin. In J. R. Thomas, R. A. Kastelein, A Ya. Supin, (Eds.), Sensory Processes of Marine Mammals, Pps. 709-726. NY: Plenum.
  • Herman, L. M. (1991). What the dolphin knows, or might know, in its natural world. In K. Pryor and K. S. Norris (Eds.). Dolphin Societies: Discoveries and Puzzles. Pp. 349-364. Los Angeles, CA: University of California Press.
  • Pack, A. A., Herman, L. M. & Roitblat, H. R. (1991). Generalization of visual matching and delayed matching by a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Animal Learning & Behavior, 19, 37-48.
  • Herman, L. M. (1990). Cognitive performance of dolphins in visually guided tasks. In J. A. Thomas and R. A. Kastelein (Eds.), Sensory abilities of cetaceans: Laboratory and field evidence. (pp. 455-462). New York: Plenum.
  • Herman, L. M. & Morrel-Samuels, P. (1990). Knowledge acquisition and asymmetries between language comprehension and production: Dolphins and apes as a general model for animals. In M. Bekoff & D. Jamieson (Eds.), Interpretation and explanation in the study of behavior: Vol. 1: Interpretation, intentionality, and communication. (pp. 283-312). Boulder: Westview Press.
  • Herman, L. M., Morrel-Samuels, P. and Pack, A. A. (1990). Bottlenosed dolphin and human recognition of veridical and degraded video displays of an artificial gestural language. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 119, 215-230.
  • Sdao, K.A. (1990). Auditory delayed matching in a California Sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Shaw, M. (1990). Visual matching by a language-naive dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Unpublished master’s thesis. University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M. (1989) In which Procrustean bed does the sea lion sleep tonight? Psychological Record, 39, 19-49.
  • Langton, K. B., McLeish, M. D., Phillips, D. F. & Herman, L.M. (1989). Delphi: An intelligent interface for a dolphin communication laboratory. Proceedings of the Second International Conference for Industrial & Engineering Applications of Artificial intelligence and Expert Systems.
  • Herman, L. M., Hovancik, J. R., Gory, J. D. & Bradshaw, G. L. (1989). Generalization of visual matching by a bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus): Evidence for invariance of cognitive performance with visual or auditory materials. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes, 15, 124-136.
  • Ralston, J. V. and Herman, L. M. (1989). Dolphin auditory perception. In J. R. Dooling and S. H. Hulse (Eds.), The comparative psychology of audition: Perceiving complex sounds (pp. 295-328). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Roitblat, H. S. and Herman, L. M. (1989). Animal thinking: The development and status of research and theory on animal cognition. In D. M. Topping, D. C. Crowell & V. N. Kobayashi (Eds.), Thinking across cultures: Third international conference on thinking (pp. 269-290). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Forestell, P. H. (1988). Reporting on relationships between symbolically named objects by a dolphin (Tursiops truncatus). Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Forestell, P. H. and Herman, L. M. (1988). Delayed matching of visual materials by a bottlenosed dolphin aided by auditory symbols. Animal Learning and behavior, 16, 137-147.
  • Herman, L. M. (1988). The language of animal language research. Psychological Record, 38, 349-362.
  • Hunter, G. A. (1988). Visual delayed matching of two-dimensional forms by a bottlenosed dolphin. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Jerison, H. J., Herman, L. M., & Hodos, W. (1988). The evolutionary biology of intelligence: Afterthoughts. In H.J. Jerison & I. Jerison (Eds.), Intelligence and evolutionary biology (pp. 447-466). New York: Springer-Verlag.
  • Langton, K. B., Tarbox, B. J., Herman, L. M, and McLeish, M. (1988). User modeling of a dolphin language laboratory. Proceedings of the Fourth IEEE Conference on Artificial Intelligence Applications (pp. 400-404). San Diego, CA.
  • Pack, A. A. (1988). Visual Delayed matching-to-sample in a California sea lion (Zalophus californianus). Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Tarbox, B. J. (1988). Tursiops electronicus: Stimulated tutoring of a language trained dolphin. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Xitco, M. J., Jr. (1988) Mimicry of modeled behaviors by bottlenose dolphins. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M. (1987). Backward to the future. [Review of D. Premack, Gavagai! or the Future History of the Animal Language Controversy]. Contemporary Psychology, 32, 534-536.
  • Herman, L. M. (1987). Communicating with people about communicating with dolphins. [Response to F. Awbrey, Communicating with dolphins]. Marine Mammal Science, 3, 286-287.
  • Herman, L. M. (1987). Receptive competencies of language trained animals. In J. S. Rosenblatt, C. Beer, M. C. Busnel, & P. J. B. Slater (Eds.), Advances in the Study of Behavior. Vol. 17 (pp. 1-60). Petaluma, CA: Academic Press.
  • Shyan, M. R. and Herman, L. M. (1987). Determinants of recognition of gestural signs in an artificial language by Atlantic bottle-nosed dolphins (Tursiops truncates) and humans (Homo sapiens). Journal of Comparative Psychology, 101, 105-119.
  • Herman, L. M. (1986). Cognition and language competencies of bottlenosed dolphins. In R. J. Schusterman, J. Thomas, and F. G. Wood (Eds.) Dolphin cognition and behavior: A comparative approach. (pp. 221-251). Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
  • Herman, L. M. (1986). Contributions of animal cognition to the understanding of human cognition. In S. E. Newstead, S. H. Irvine & P. L. Dann (Eds.), Human assessment: Cognition and motivation. (pp. 95-98). Dordecht: Nijhoff.
  • Herman, L. M. (1985). Raising consciousness. [Review of D. R. Griffin, Animal Thinking]. Contemporary Psychology, 30, 266-268.
  • Herman, L. M. and Forestell, P. H. (1985). Reporting presence or absence of named objects by a language-trained dolphin. Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews, 9, 667-691.
  • Herman, L. M. and Forestell, P. H. (1985). Short-term memory in pigeons: Modality-specific or code specific effects? Animal learning and Behavior, 13, 463-465.
  • Shyan, M. R. (1985). Analyzing signs for recognition and feature salience. Sign Language Studies, 46, 87-92.
  • Shyan, M. R. (1985). Determinants of perception of gestural signs in an artificial language by bottlenosed dolphins and humans. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M., Richards, D. G. & Wolz, J. P. (1984). Comprehension of sentences by bottlenosed dolphins. Cognition, 16, 129-219.
  • Mobley, J. R. (1984). Visual discrimination of relative distance by a bottlenosed dolphin (Tursiops truncatus)–Evidence for relation learning. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii. Honolulu.
  • Richards, D. G., Wolz, J. P. & Herman, L. M. (1984). Vocal mimicry of computer generated sounds and vocal labeling of objects by a bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Journal of Comparative Psychology, 98, 10-28.
  • Herman, L. M. & Wursig, B. (1983). Behavior and ecological studies of cetaceans in the Gulf of Mexico: Summary Report. (Report FWS/OBS-83-03 to the U.S. Department of Interior: Minerals Management Service and Fish and Wildlife Service). pp. 22-27.
  • Hoban, E. (1983). Children’s responses to anomalous imperative sentences. Unpublished master’s thesis, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M. and Thompson, R. K. R. (1982) Symbolic, identity, and probe delayed matching of sounds by the bottlenosed dolphin. Animal Learning and Behavior, 10, 22-34.
  • Thompson, R. K. R. and Herman, L. M. (1981). Auditory delayed discriminations by the dolphin: Nonequivalence with delayed matching performance. Animal Learning and Behavior, 9, 9-15.
  • Herman, L. M. (Ed.) (1980). Cetacean behavior: Mechanisms and functions. New York: Wiley Interscience.
  • Herman, L. M. (1980) Cognitive characteristics of dolphins. In L. M. Herman (Ed.), Cetacean behavior: Mechanisms and functions (pp. 363-429). New York Wiley Interscience.
  • Herman, L. M. and Tavolga, W. N. (1980). The communication systems of cetaceans. In L. M. Herman (Ed.), Cetacean behavior: Mechanisms and functions (pp. 149-209). New York: Wiley Interscience.
  • Madsen, C. J. and Herman, L. M. (1980). Social and ecological correlates of vision and visual appearance. In L. M. Herman (Ed.), Cetacean behavior: Mechanisms and functions (pp. 101-147). New York Wiley Interscience.
  • Thompson, R. K. R. and Herman, L. M. (1977). Memory for lists of sounds by the bottlenosed dolphin: Convergence of memory processes with humans? Science, 195, 501-503.
  • Madsen, C. (1976). Tests for color discrimination and spectral sensitivity in the bottlenosed dolphin, Tursiops truncatus. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Thompson, R. K. R. (1976). Performance of the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) on delayed auditory sequences and delayed auditory successive discriminations. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M. (1975). Interference and auditory short-term memory in the bottlenose dolphin. Animal Learning and Behavior, 3, 43-48.
  • Herman, L. M., Peacock, M. F., Yunker, M. P. & Madsen, C. (1975). Bottlenosed dolphin: Double-slit pupil yields equivalent aerial and underwater diurnal acuity. Science, 139, 650-652.
  • Thompson, R. K. R. and Herman, L. M. (1975). Underwater frequency discrimination in the bottlenosed dolphin (1-140 kHz). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 57, 943-948.
  • Herman, L. M. and Gordon, J. A. (1974). Auditory delayed matching in the bottlenosed dolphin. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 21, 19-26.
  • Yunker, M. P. and Herman, L. M. (1974). Discrimination of auditory temporal differences by the bottlenosed dolphin (1-140 kHz). Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, 56, 1870-1875.
  • Herman, L. M. and Arbeit, W. R. (1973). Stimulus control and auditory discrimination learning sets in the bottlenosed dolphin. Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 19, 379-394.
  • Beach, F. A. III. and Herman, L. M. (1972). Preliminary studies of auditory problem solving and intertask transfer by the bottlenose dolphin. The Psychological Record, 22, 49-62.
  • Herman, L. M. and Arbeit, W. R. (1972). Frequency difference limens in the bottlenose dolphin: 1-70 KC/S. Journal of Auditory Research, 2, 109-120.
  • Herman, L. M. & Arbeit, W. R. (1971). Complex learning in the dolphin: Discrimination of successively presented auditory patterns and formation of discrimination learning sets. Final Report to the Naval Undersea Research & Development Center, Hawaii Division (Contact N66001-70-C-0939). 39 Pp.
  • Herman, L. M. & Arbeit, W. R. (1971). Auditory frequency discrimination from 1-36 kHz in Tursiops truncatus. Proceedings of the Eighth Annual Conference on Biological Sonar and Diving Mammals. Pp. 79-87. Menlo Park: Stanford Research Institute.
  • Beach, F. A. III (1969). Complex learning in the dolphin with auditory stimuli. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Hawaii, Honolulu.
  • Herman, L. M., Beach, F. A. III, Pepper, R. L. & Stalling, R. B. (1969). Learning-set formation in the bottlenose dolphin. Psychonomic Science, 14, 3, 98-99.
  • Herman, L. M. & Beach, F. A. III (1969). Complex learning in the dolphin: Reversal learning, discrimination learning sets, and intertask transfer. Final Report to the Naval Undersea Research & Development Center (Contact N60530-68-C-0870). 128 pp.
  • Herman, L. M. (1968). Study of complex learning in the dolphin. Final report of research conducted at Sea Life Park and Oceanic Institute, Makapuu Point, Oahu, 30 pp.